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Education Development Fund Projects

Nominations are currently being accepted until January 15, 2027

The Education Development Fund (EDF) Grant Program is a prestigious peer-reviewed initiative aimed at advancing medical education and health professions research while nurturing grassroots scholarship. Designed to empower newly-engaged and early-career researchers, the EDF prioritizes projects that are emergent, curiosity-driven, and methodologically rigorous, fostering innovation and excellence in education Temerty Faculty of Medicine.

2025

Filling checkboxes without fulfilling relationships: How well do current approaches for evaluating the learning environment in the context of CBME signal objectification of patients?   

PI: Kevin Weingarten, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics

A formal expectation of the curriculum is to produce compassionate, family-centric physicians who are well versed in both technical knowledge but also in the provision of compassionate care. The learning environment has a strong influence on the adoption of professional values therefore clinical programs must explore its effectiveness in supporting the development of compassionate approaches to care. Program evaluations contain important descriptions of what learners perceive as central to their learning and an assessment of program evaluations may show how learners make reference to the role of patients in their learning and what activities they associate with preparing them for providing care compassionately. Competency based medical education (CBME) is on outcome-based approach to learning but its goal of obtaining EPAs may send a tacit message to learners that technical knowledge is valued over compassionate care. Our research question asks, how do paediatric core and subspecialty residents reference patients when providing feedback on the effectiveness of the learning environment in supporting their training in a competency based curriculum? This study will draw upon the theoretical framework of Bourdieu and his concepts of field, capital, and habitus which will help identify both positive and negative socializing influences in the learning environment with regard to supporting the development of trainees in compassionate approaches to care. Data for the first phase of the study will include trainee feedback of the learning environment from POWER reports. This will inform the 2nd half of the study that includes interviews and focus groups with students and faculty who will help identify supports or barriers in developing compassionate approaches to care.   

Evaluation of an Emergency Medicine Equity, Diversity, Advocacy, and Cultural Safety (EDACS) Curriculum 

PI: Kathryn Chan, Clinician Teacher, Department of Medicine

The increasing emphasis on health equity in medical education calls for the development and evaluation of associated curricula. The University of Toronto’s EDACS (Equity, Diversity, Advocacy, and Cultural Safety) curriculum, launched in 2019 for postgraduate emergency medicine trainees, aims to equip learners with the knowledge and skills to provide care that aligns with these priorities. Though learner feedback has been positive, the curriculum has not yet been formally evaluated and thus has limited direction for improvement. This project seeks to evaluate the EDACS curriculum through a Principles-focused evaluation (PFE), an approach designed to evaluate programs based on adherence to co-created guiding principles. The project will proceed in two phases. Phase 1 will involve the articulation of a set of guiding principles for the EDACS curriculum, derived from input from program leaders, community representatives, and educational experts. Phase 2 will consider adherence to these principles through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders. This evaluation will focus not only on whether the principles are being followed but also on their impact and relevance in real-world settings. The findings from this evaluation will provide actionable insights for the ongoing development of the EDACS curriculum and offer a framework for evaluating health equity curricula more broadly. The principles developed in this study will be shared across the University of Toronto’s Faculty of Medicine and with other clinical institutions, facilitating the integration of equity principles into local educational programs. This study also aims to contribute to the growing field of health equity education by providing a scalable, adaptable evaluation model that can be applied to diverse curricula across the medical education continuum. 

Understanding the Role of Failure in Expert Development: Insights from Occupational Therapy Clinical Placement Data 

PI: Naomi Davids-Brumer, Assistant Professor, Teaching Stream, Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy

This study addresses the prevalent issue of failure in health professions clinical education and its impact on the development of expertise. By identifying the types of struggles and failures that cut across health professions, the results can guide development of more effective tools for supporting struggling learners and improving remediation strategies. Understanding the environments and training stages where struggles are most prevalent will help us navigate these challenges proactively. Struggles are an inevitable part of training and are needed to develop adaptive expertise, but for struggle to be productive, they must provide meaningful challenges without overwhelming the learner. Effective feedback is essential for learning, as it provides students with input on their performance and helps develop safe practice skills and professional expectations. Feedback should be meaningful, targeted, and delivered in a safe and supportive environment. However, struggling students often receive so much feedback they are overwhelmed, resulting in 'unproductive failure. The study will systematically examine the written fieldwork evaluation records of high- and low performing students at different stages of training, and across broad clinical settings to understand the reasons for struggle and failure in occupational therapy clinical placements. It will also identify patterns or behaviours in high-scoring students, trajectories of expert development, and differences in feedback provided to learners who struggle versus those who excel. The research is highly relevant to medical education as the issue of student struggle and failure in clinical placements transcends professions, with high costs to all involved including students, supervisors, programs/universities and clinical sites. Understanding the reasons for struggle and failure, as well as expert development trajectories across varied training settings and patient populations, will allow for development of alternate and innovative remediation approaches that have the potential to benefit medical education and healthcare learners locally, nationally, and globally.

Using a Simulation Bootcamp to Teach Non-Technical Skills to Surgical Foundations Residents 

PI: Petal Abdool, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry

Surgical Foundations (SF) residents must obtain both the technical and non-technical skills (NTS) required to become skilled surgeons. Simulation-based training can be used to support the acquisition of NTS and help learners identify knowledge gaps, which motivates essential learning and promotes adaptive practices. The adaptive expertise theoretical framework describes how adaptive practices allows physicians to navigate novel problem solving in practice while dealing with uncertainty. This project aims to evaluate the role of simulation in supporting adaptive expert abilities in NTS in SF residents. Relatedly, we will evaluate the role of perspective exchange, a learning mechanism that supports adaptive expertise, through the use of Simulated Patients (SPs) and peer (Lived Experience Advisor) feedback, in combination with an interdisciplinary (Psychiatry and Surgery) debrief. 65 PGY1 SF residents will participate in the NTS Bootcamp, practicing their NTS with SPs, working closely with Lived Experience Advisors (LEAs), during three different scenarios. These scenarios include demonstrating handover technique, providing patient education and informed consent and collaborative patient management and care. Small groups of residents will work through the scenarios, each observed by a faculty Surgeon and Psychiatrist and the Surgeon will complete 3 Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for learners. A facilitated group debrief will be co-led by faculty, SPs and LEAs. Self-reported pre-and-post training surveys will be completed by learners and SPs will complete the Communication Assessment Tool to rate their interaction with residents. A 3-month follow-up focus groups will be conducted with 20 residents, gathering information on their experience with adaptive expertise during this training, simulation vs. clinical environment for the completion of EPAs, and changes in practice. We hypothesize that explicit emphasis on integrated competencies as a means for navigating complexity in practice will help prepare junior residents for future learning, including future uncertainty that requires a physician to demonstrate adaptive expertise.

Evidence-based Implementation of Virtual Reality in the Anatomy Classroom: Evaluating the impact of usability on student learning outcomes 

PI: Emily Ho, Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy

The anatomical precision and stereoscopic benefits of high-fidelity immersive virtual reality (VR) anatomy technology enhance its effectiveness as a valuable teaching tool for health professions students. However, cybersickness and technological problems are usability concerns. Evaluating the real-world impacts of usability on student outcomes is critical for the evidence-based implementation of this technology into anatomy curriculum. This study aims to determine the usability of custom-designed, high-fidelity immersive VR and examine its impact on anatomy learning outcomes. This is a prospective observational study of health professions graduate students enrolled in the musculoskeletal foundations course at the Temerty Faculty of Medicine Occupational Therapy program. Students will learn anatomy through high-fidelity immersive VR, featuring discipline-specific content and interactive tools that allow them to orient and peel back muscles in place, revealing the spatial relationships between structural layers. Following Universal Design for Learning (UDL), VR is offered alongside traditional lectures and experiential learning labs. At baseline, consenting students will complete a user questionnaire on demo‐ graphics, computer experience, anatomy experience, and teaching method preferences. At six weeks, students take an anatomy midterm. Consenting students will share their midterm grades for research and complete VR outcome measures: Virtual Reality System Usability Questionnaire (VRSUQ) and VR User Questionnaire. Usability will be defined as the overall VRSUQ and VR preference/use scores. Regression modelling will be used to determine the relationship be‐ tween usability and midterm grades. Associated factors related to positive learning outcomes will be identified. This study is novel in examining usability of a high-fidelity immersive VR anatomy learning program in real-world curriculum context. This research will lead the field in developing strategies to inform effective implementation of VR in undergraduate or graduate anatomy classrooms and directly inform Occupational Therapy anatomy curriculum development. 

The Integrated Curriculum in Action: Exploring Physical Therapy Students' Use of Traditional and Non-Traditional Knowledge in Clinical Reasoning

PI: Tricia Twogood, Assistant Professor, Teaching Stream, Department of Physical Therapy

This research project explores how physical therapy (PT) learners at the University of Toronto integrate traditional, non-traditional, and clinical knowledge when making clinical reasoning decisions. The project aims to address the gap between acknowledging the importance of non-traditional knowledge in healthcare education and its actual integration into education and clinical practice. This study utilizes an existing assessment within the MScPT program, where learners make and justify clinical decisions in response to a simulated patient scenario. The study analyzes learner responses to determine whether they incorporate both traditional and non-traditional patient information into their clinical reasoning decisions within this simulated assessment context. The research will also examine whether response patterns vary depending on the type of clinical problem presented and the learner’s stage of training. An arm's length research assistant (RA) will manage recruitment and consent processes. All assessment questions will be categorized based on the type of knowledge required for optimal decision-making, with input from clinician examiners to ensure rigour. Two independent raters will analyze anonymous transcripts of learner responses, aiming for consensus. Although the participants are PT learners, the findings will inform future research, curriculum design, and assessment strategies across the Temerty Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto. The primary goals of this research are: 

  1. To explore the gap between acknowledging the importance of non-traditional knowledge and its actual integration into HPE and clinical practice. 

  1. To move beyond diagnostic accuracy as the primary outcome measure in clinical reasoning research, promoting a deeper understanding of healthcare problems in context. 

  1. To generate findings that will inform the development of educational interventions designed to foster adaptive expertise in future healthcare professionals.  

These findings will have implications for future research, curricular design and assessment strategies.

2021

Innovation in occupational therapy clinical fieldwork placements during the COVID-19 pandemic

PI: Anne Hunt, Department of Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science

Automatic Video-based Assessment of Learners in Surgery using AI

PI: Evan Tannenbaum, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

2014

High-Fidelity eLearning to Support Competency-based Residency Training

PI: Meridith Guiliani & Caitlin Gillan, Department of Radiation Oncology

Implementing a Point-of-Care Ultrasound Curriculum for CCFP-EM Residents

PI: Deborah Leung & Jordan Chenkin, Department of Family & Community Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine

Role of Health Advocate in Family Medicine and Psychiatry Residency Curricula

PI: Sophie Soklaridis & Carrie Bernard, Departments of Family & Community Medicine and Psychiatry

Adapting Theatre Practice to Enhance Role-playing and Communication Skills of Occupational Therapy

PI: Jill Steir, Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy

Fostering Continued Professional Development in the Workplace

PI: Debbie Kwan & Denyse Richardson, Centre for Faculty Development (Departments of Pharmacy & Medicine), CAMH, St.Joe's, UHN

Exploring Continuity, Integration, Context and Curriculum during Longitudinal Clerkship Training

PI: Karen Wayman & Maria Mylopoulos, Department of Family & Community Medicine 

The Creation of a Web-Based Learning Module for Indigenous Health Education

PI: Lisa Richardson & Jason Pennington, Department of Medicine

2011

2009

Interprofessional OSCE Development Simulation Tool

PI: Brian Simmons, Department of Paediatrics

Enveloping Anatomy Learning System (Anatomy Glove and Video)

PI: Pat McKee, Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy

2007

Model and Curriculum Development for Training Rehabilitation Specialists using Simulation

PI: Heather Carnahan, Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy

Human Neurophysiology - Hoffman Reflect Simulation

PI: Bill MacKay, Department of Physiology